13. Stockholders’ Equity

Twin Vee

Common Stock Warrants

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock issuable at a weighted-average exercise price of $7.50 per share that were issued to the representative of the underwriters on July 23, 2021 in connection with the Company’s initial public offering that closed on July 23, 2021 (the “IPO”). The representative’s warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, and expire on July 20, 2026. On October 3, 2022, pursuant to the terms of an underwriting agreement entered into on September 28, 2022 with ThinkEquity LLC, the Company issued to the underwriter warrants to purchase up to 143,750 shares of common stock. The warrants are exercisable at a per share price of $3.4375. There was no warrant activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Equity Compensation Plan

The Company maintains an equity compensation plan (the“ Twin Vee Plan”) under which it may award employees, directors and consultants’ incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards with terms established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors which has been appointed by the Board of Directors to administer the Twin Vee Plan. The number of awards under the Twin Vee Plan automatically increased on January 1, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, there were 52,022 shares remaining available for grant under the Twin Vee Plan.

Accounting for Stock -Based Compensation

Stock Compensation Expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $104,708 and $132,453, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $371,779 and $421,798, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense is included in salaries and wages on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Stock Options

Under the Company’s 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the Twin Vee Plan) the Company has issued stock options. A stock option grant gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a certain number of shares at a predetermined price for a specific period of time. The Company typically issues options that vest pro rata on a monthly basis over various periods. Under the terms of the Twin Vee Plan, the contractual life of the option grants may not exceed ten years.

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes model to determine fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant. The Company utilized the following assumptions for option grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

The expected volatility of the option is determined using historical volatilities based on historical stock price of comparable boat manufacturing companies. The Company estimated the expected life of the options granted based upon historical weighted average of comparable boat manufacturing companies. The risk-free interest rate is determined using the U.S. Department of the Treasury yield curve rates with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the option. The Company has never paid a dividend, and as such the dividend yield is 0.0%

At September 30, 2024, 1,259,585 Twin Vee options are unvested and expected to vest over the next four years.

Restricted Stock Units

Under the Company’s 2021 Stock Incentive Plan the Company has issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”). RSUs are granted with fair value equal to the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the business day of the grant date. An award may vest completely at a point in time (cliff-vest) or in increments over time (graded-vest). Generally, RSUs vest over three years.

Forza

Common Stock Warrants

Forza had outstanding warrants to purchase 172,500 shares of common stock issuable at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.25 per share that were issued to the representative of the underwriters on August 16, 2022 in connection with Forza’s IPO. Forza also had outstanding warrants to purchase 306,705 shares of common stock issuable at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.88 per share that were issued to the representative of the underwriters on June 14, 2023 in connection with Forza’s secondary offering. The representative’s warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, and expire on August 16, 2027 and June 16, 2028, respectively. There was no warrant activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Equity Compensation Plan

Forza maintains an equity compensation plan under which it may award employees, directors and consultants’ incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards with terms established by the Compensation Committee of the Forza Board of Directors which has been appointed by the Forza Board of Directors to administer the Forza 2022 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Forza Plan”). The number of awards under the Forza Plan automatically increased on January 1, 2024 and will automatically increase on January 1, 2025. As of September 30, 2024, there were 1,698,714 shares remaining available for grant under the Forza Plan. Stock based compensation expense is included in the Statements of Operations, under salaries and wages.

Accounting for Stock -Based Compensation

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Forza recorded $174,159 and $332,107, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Forza recorded $651,115 and $1,015,087, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense is included in salaries and wages on the accompanying condensed statement of operations.

Stock Options

Under the Forza Plan, Forza has issued stock options. A stock option grant gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a certain number of shares at a predetermined price for a specific period of time. Forza typically issues options that vest pro rata on a monthly basis over various periods. Under the terms of the Forza Plan, the contractual life of the option grants may not exceed ten years.

Forza utilizes the Black-Scholes model to determine fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant. Forza utilized the following assumptions for option grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

The expected volatility of the option is determined using historical volatilities based on historical stock price of comparable boat manufacturing companies. Forza estimated the expected life of the options granted based upon historical weighted average of comparable boat manufacturing companies. The risk-free interest rate is determined using the U.S. Department of the Treasury yield curve rates with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the option. Forza has never paid a dividend, and as such the dividend yield is 0.0%.